The main aim of this paper is to examine the differences in sarcasm use between the two understudied populations from distinct cultures - Polish and Turkish - and to investigate the role of a range of factors that might impact sarcasm use, including the Big Five personality traits, gender and age. The study was conducted online using the Sarcasm Self-Report Scale and The Ten Item Personality Inventory (TIPI). Overall, 332 Polish- and Turkish-speaking participants completed the study. Our key finding was that Polish participants reported more frequent sarcasm use than the Turkish participants. Additionally, men reported higher levels of self-reported sarcasm use compared to women and the effect of gender on sarcasm use did not differ significantly between Poland and Turkey. Finally, in both samples, more frequent sarcasm use was linked to lower agreeableness. Our study serves as a starting point for subsequent analyses of the role of cultural communicative norms and/or personality factors in nonliteral language use