Background: Specific occupational factors among midwives—such as shift work, night duties, and significant professional responsibilities—are likely to contribute to a high perceived workload within this group. These factors may increase the risk of nutrition-related health issues, including abnormal body weight and disordered eating behaviors. The study aimed to assess the prevalence and key occupational predictors of such risks in this population. Methods: A cross-sectional preliminary study was conducted among 703 midwives in Poland. Disordered eating behaviors were evaluated using the Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26), while workload intensity was measured with the Quantitative Workload Inventory (QWI). Data were analyzed using non-parametric statistical tests and a Classification and Regression Tree (C&RT) model with V-fold cross-validation to identify the most influential predictors of nutritional health risk. Results: A Classification and Regression Tree (C&RT) model was used to identify key predictors of nutritional health risk, defined as meeting at least one of the following criteria: abnormal BMI, EAT-26 score > 20, behavioral indicators of disordered eating, or a history of treatment for an eating disorder. Of the participants, 56.76% (n = 399) were classified as being at nutritional health risk. The most salient predictors included work experience (more than 17.5 years), duration of night shift work, and QWI score. Conclusions: Night shift work alone was not a significant factor in the model. Work experience and workload intensity are key predictors of nutrition-related health risks among midwives. These findings highlight the need for workplace-level policies that address long-term workload burden—such as schedule optimization, limits on prolonged night-shift exposure, and improved access to psychological and nutritional support. Future research should further examine modifiable organizational factors and evaluate targeted interventions aimed at reducing nutrition-related risks in midwifery settings.