The author addresses the issue of state borders as a key element of public law, analyzing their role, functions, and significance in the context of contemporary international challenges. State borders serve fundamental delimiting, protective, and control functions, delineating the scope of state sovereignty, ensuring territorial integrity, and controlling the movement of people and goods. They integrate societies, protect public order, and regulate the flow of populations and goods. In the context of globalization, borders become points of confrontation between different cultures and interests, evolving with geopolitical changes and integration processes. The author emphasizes that for a state to exist and fulfill its role, it must adapt its borders to changing challenges such as migration, which requires appropriate administrative and legal measures. Borders are an emanation of the effectiveness of law and state institutions, being an element of sovereignty and national identity. The author highlights the necessity for clear and precise regulation of border issues in national and international law, which is essential for maintaining state sovereignty and security.