Purpose: The paper aims to present selected areas of EBITDA (Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization) use in corporate financial management, particularly its use in assessing companies’ profitability and debt-servicing capacity. Design/methodology/approach: The paper is theoretical and analytical in nature. A critical analysis of pertinent literature focuses the structure of EBITDA, its advantages and disadvantages, and how it is used to evaluate profitability and debt-servicing capacity. A comparative analysis of profitability based on EBITDA and operating profitability was conducted in energy companies to determine the impact of depreciation and amortisation on the level of EBITDA and its use to assess these companies' ability to service debt. Based on 2014- 2024 data, ratios showing the differences between EBITDA Margin and Operating Margin were calculated, as was the level of energy companies’ debt, and their ability to repay the debt were determined based on the Net Debt to EBITDA ratio. Findings: The research has established that the difference between EBITDA Margin and Operating Margin in Polish energy companies is caused by the amount of depreciation charged. Depreciation also affects companies' capacity to service debt and it is high in energy companies. Their average debt repayment period is just over two years, and the average time to complete an investment in the energy sector is 3-5 years. This also indicates the possibility of timely completion of investments and elimination of delays in their implementation given a lack of other financing sources. Research limitations/implications: The energy transition of the Polish economy requires extensive investments. Further research should determine whether energy companies will be able to take more debt and whether a higher than current ratio of Net Debt to EBITDA in these companies will be accepted by external capital providers. The research presented in the paper is based on historical data from published sources. Further research may attempt to compare the forecast values. Polish companies must implement a number of investments around renewable energy sources, modernisation of power transmission networks and construction of nuclear power plants. Practical implications: The results of the study can be of use to the management of Polish energy companies by assisting them in the selection of financing sources, considering the criterion of repayment time and the relationship between this time and the ratio of net debt to EBITDA. The results of the study can also be used to support doctoral and other researchers in their studies and theses.