The article examines the theological concepts of free choice in Eastern Orthodox theology (Irenaeus of Lyon, Clement of Alexandria, Didymus the Blind, Basil the Great, Gregory of Nyssa, John Chrysostom, Maximus the Confessor, John of Damascus). The Eastern theology has absorbed the rich Hellenistic intellectual tradition in interpreting the conception of free choice (Plato, Aristotle, Epicurus, Lycurgus, Isocrates, Hippocrates, Demosthenes, Epictetus). The differences between the Eastern Orthodox and Western Christian teachings on the relationship between free will and predestination in the matter of human salvation are revealed. The Orthodox tradition considers free choice not in the context of soteriology, but of anthropology, as an inalienable property of human being that is preserved, despite the original sin. The contradiction between free choice and predestination is resolved through the concept of synergy – the interaction between God’s grace and human free will. At that, in an individual choice in favor of accepting God’s grace and salvation, the entire person participates – reason, will and emotions, which is also peculiar for Orthodox anthropology.